Class | File |
In: |
file.c
|
A File is an abstraction of any file object accessible by the program and is closely associated with class IO File includes the methods of module FileTest as class methods, allowing you to write (for example) File.exist?("foo").
In the description of File methods, permission bits are a platform-specific set of bits that indicate permissions of a file. On Unix-based systems, permissions are viewed as a set of three octets, for the owner, the group, and the rest of the world. For each of these entities, permissions may be set to read, write, or execute the file:
The permission bits 0644 (in octal) would thus be interpreted as read/write for owner, and read-only for group and other. Higher-order bits may also be used to indicate the type of file (plain, directory, pipe, socket, and so on) and various other special features. If the permissions are for a directory, the meaning of the execute bit changes; when set the directory can be searched.
On non-Posix operating systems, there may be only the ability to make a file read-only or read-write. In this case, the remaining permission bits will be synthesized to resemble typical values. For instance, on Windows NT the default permission bits are 0644, which means read/write for owner, read-only for all others. The only change that can be made is to make the file read-only, which is reported as 0444.
Separator | = | separator |
SEPARATOR | = | separator |
ALT_SEPARATOR | = | rb_obj_freeze(rb_str_new2("\\")) |
ALT_SEPARATOR | = | Qnil |
PATH_SEPARATOR | = | rb_obj_freeze(rb_str_new2(PATH_SEP)) |
Returns the last access time for the named file as a Time object).
File.atime("testfile") #=> Wed Apr 09 08:51:48 CDT 2003
/* * call-seq: * File.atime(file_name) => time * * Returns the last access time for the named file as a Time object). * * File.atime("testfile") #=> Wed Apr 09 08:51:48 CDT 2003 * */ static VALUE rb_file_s_atime(klass, fname) VALUE klass, fname; { struct stat st; if (rb_stat(fname, &st) < 0) rb_sys_fail(StringValueCStr(fname)); return rb_time_new(st.st_atime, 0); }
Returns the last component of the filename given in file_name, which must be formed using forward slashes (``/’’) regardless of the separator used on the local file system. If suffix is given and present at the end of file_name, it is removed.
File.basename("/home/gumby/work/ruby.rb") #=> "ruby.rb" File.basename("/home/gumby/work/ruby.rb", ".rb") #=> "ruby"
/* * call-seq: * File.basename(file_name [, suffix] ) -> base_name * * Returns the last component of the filename given in <i>file_name</i>, * which must be formed using forward slashes (``<code>/</code>'') * regardless of the separator used on the local file system. If * <i>suffix</i> is given and present at the end of <i>file_name</i>, * it is removed. * * File.basename("/home/gumby/work/ruby.rb") #=> "ruby.rb" * File.basename("/home/gumby/work/ruby.rb", ".rb") #=> "ruby" */ static VALUE rb_file_s_basename(argc, argv) int argc; VALUE *argv; { VALUE fname, fext, basename; const char *name, *p; #if defined DOSISH_DRIVE_LETTER || defined DOSISH_UNC const char *root; #endif int f, n; if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &fname, &fext) == 2) { StringValue(fext); } StringValue(fname); if (RSTRING(fname)->len == 0 || !*(name = RSTRING(fname)->ptr)) return fname; name = skipprefix(name); #if defined DOSISH_DRIVE_LETTER || defined DOSISH_UNC root = name; #endif while (isdirsep(*name)) name++; if (!*name) { p = name - 1; f = 1; #if defined DOSISH_DRIVE_LETTER || defined DOSISH_UNC if (name != root) { /* has slashes */ } #ifdef DOSISH_DRIVE_LETTER else if (*p == ':') { p++; f = 0; } #endif #ifdef DOSISH_UNC else { p = "/"; } #endif #endif } else { if (!(p = strrdirsep(name))) { p = name; } else { while (isdirsep(*p)) p++; /* skip last / */ } #if USE_NTFS n = ntfs_tail(p) - p; #else n = chompdirsep(p) - p; #endif if (NIL_P(fext) || !(f = rmext(p, n, StringValueCStr(fext)))) { f = n; } if (f == RSTRING_LEN(fname)) return fname; } basename = rb_str_new(p, f); OBJ_INFECT(basename, fname); return basename; }
Returns true if the named file is a block device.
/* * call-seq: * File.blockdev?(file_name) => true or false * * Returns <code>true</code> if the named file is a block device. */ static VALUE test_b(obj, fname) VALUE obj, fname; { #ifndef S_ISBLK # ifdef S_IFBLK # define S_ISBLK(m) ((m & S_IFMT) == S_IFBLK) # else # define S_ISBLK(m) (0) /* anytime false */ # endif #endif #ifdef S_ISBLK struct stat st; if (rb_stat(fname, &st) < 0) return Qfalse; if (S_ISBLK(st.st_mode)) return Qtrue; #endif return Qfalse; }
Returns true if the named file is a character device.
/* * call-seq: * File.chardev?(file_name) => true or false * * Returns <code>true</code> if the named file is a character device. */ static VALUE test_c(obj, fname) VALUE obj, fname; { #ifndef S_ISCHR # define S_ISCHR(m) ((m & S_IFMT) == S_IFCHR) #endif struct stat st; if (rb_stat(fname, &st) < 0) return Qfalse; if (S_ISCHR(st.st_mode)) return Qtrue; return Qfalse; }
Changes permission bits on the named file(s) to the bit pattern represented by mode_int. Actual effects are operating system dependent (see the beginning of this section). On Unix systems, see chmod(2) for details. Returns the number of files processed.
File.chmod(0644, "testfile", "out") #=> 2
/* * call-seq: * File.chmod(mode_int, file_name, ... ) -> integer * * Changes permission bits on the named file(s) to the bit pattern * represented by <i>mode_int</i>. Actual effects are operating system * dependent (see the beginning of this section). On Unix systems, see * <code>chmod(2)</code> for details. Returns the number of files * processed. * * File.chmod(0644, "testfile", "out") #=> 2 */ static VALUE rb_file_s_chmod(argc, argv) int argc; VALUE *argv; { VALUE vmode; VALUE rest; int mode; long n; rb_secure(2); rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "1*", &vmode, &rest); mode = NUM2INT(vmode); n = apply2files(chmod_internal, rest, &mode); return LONG2FIX(n); }
Changes the owner and group of the named file(s) to the given numeric owner and group id‘s. Only a process with superuser privileges may change the owner of a file. The current owner of a file may change the file‘s group to any group to which the owner belongs. A nil or -1 owner or group id is ignored. Returns the number of files processed.
File.chown(nil, 100, "testfile")
/* * call-seq: * File.chown(owner_int, group_int, file_name,... ) -> integer * * Changes the owner and group of the named file(s) to the given * numeric owner and group id's. Only a process with superuser * privileges may change the owner of a file. The current owner of a * file may change the file's group to any group to which the owner * belongs. A <code>nil</code> or -1 owner or group id is ignored. * Returns the number of files processed. * * File.chown(nil, 100, "testfile") * */ static VALUE rb_file_s_chown(argc, argv) int argc; VALUE *argv; { VALUE o, g, rest; struct chown_args arg; long n; rb_secure(2); rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "2*", &o, &g, &rest); if (NIL_P(o)) { arg.owner = -1; } else { arg.owner = NUM2INT(o); } if (NIL_P(g)) { arg.group = -1; } else { arg.group = NUM2INT(g); } n = apply2files(chown_internal, rest, &arg); return LONG2FIX(n); }
Returns the change time for the named file (the time at which directory information about the file was changed, not the file itself).
File.ctime("testfile") #=> Wed Apr 09 08:53:13 CDT 2003
/* * call-seq: * File.ctime(file_name) => time * * Returns the change time for the named file (the time at which * directory information about the file was changed, not the file * itself). * * File.ctime("testfile") #=> Wed Apr 09 08:53:13 CDT 2003 * */ static VALUE rb_file_s_ctime(klass, fname) VALUE klass, fname; { struct stat st; if (rb_stat(fname, &st) < 0) rb_sys_fail(RSTRING(fname)->ptr); return rb_time_new(st.st_ctime, 0); }
Deletes the named files, returning the number of names passed as arguments. Raises an exception on any error. See also Dir::rmdir.
/* * call-seq: * File.delete(file_name, ...) => integer * File.unlink(file_name, ...) => integer * * Deletes the named files, returning the number of names * passed as arguments. Raises an exception on any error. * See also <code>Dir::rmdir</code>. */ static VALUE rb_file_s_unlink(klass, args) VALUE klass, args; { long n; rb_secure(2); n = apply2files(unlink_internal, args, 0); return LONG2FIX(n); }
Returns true if the named file is a directory, false otherwise.
File.directory?(".")
/* * call-seq: * File.directory?(file_name) => true or false * * Returns <code>true</code> if the named file is a directory, * <code>false</code> otherwise. * * File.directory?(".") */ static VALUE test_d(obj, fname) VALUE obj, fname; { #ifndef S_ISDIR # define S_ISDIR(m) ((m & S_IFMT) == S_IFDIR) #endif struct stat st; if (rb_stat(fname, &st) < 0) return Qfalse; if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) return Qtrue; return Qfalse; }
Returns all components of the filename given in file_name except the last one. The filename must be formed using forward slashes (``/’’) regardless of the separator used on the local file system.
File.dirname("/home/gumby/work/ruby.rb") #=> "/home/gumby/work"
/* * call-seq: * File.dirname(file_name ) -> dir_name * * Returns all components of the filename given in <i>file_name</i> * except the last one. The filename must be formed using forward * slashes (``<code>/</code>'') regardless of the separator used on the * local file system. * * File.dirname("/home/gumby/work/ruby.rb") #=> "/home/gumby/work" */ static VALUE rb_file_s_dirname(klass, fname) VALUE klass, fname; { const char *name, *root, *p; VALUE dirname; name = StringValueCStr(fname); root = skiproot(name); #ifdef DOSISH_UNC if (root > name + 1 && isdirsep(*name)) root = skipprefix(name = root - 2); #else if (root > name + 1) name = root - 1; #endif p = strrdirsep(root); if (!p) { p = root; } if (p == name) return rb_str_new2("."); #ifdef DOSISH_DRIVE_LETTER if (has_drive_letter(name) && isdirsep(*(name + 2))) { const char *top = skiproot(name + 2); dirname = rb_str_new(name, 3); rb_str_cat(dirname, top, p - top); } else #endif dirname = rb_str_new(name, p - name); #ifdef DOSISH_DRIVE_LETTER if (has_drive_letter(name) && root == name + 2 && p - name == 2) rb_str_cat(dirname, ".", 1); #endif OBJ_INFECT(dirname, fname); return dirname; }
Returns true if the named file is executable by the effective user id of this process.
/* * call-seq: * File.executable?(file_name) => true or false * * Returns <code>true</code> if the named file is executable by the effective * user id of this process. */ static VALUE test_x(obj, fname) VALUE obj, fname; { SafeStringValue(fname); if (eaccess(StringValueCStr(fname), X_OK) < 0) return Qfalse; return Qtrue; }
Returns true if the named file is executable by the real user id of this process.
/* * call-seq: * File.executable_real?(file_name) => true or false * * Returns <code>true</code> if the named file is executable by the real * user id of this process. */ static VALUE test_X(obj, fname) VALUE obj, fname; { SafeStringValue(fname); if (access(StringValueCStr(fname), X_OK) < 0) return Qfalse; return Qtrue; }
Return true if the named file exists.
/* * call-seq: * File.exist?(file_name) => true or false * File.exists?(file_name) => true or false (obsolete) * * Return <code>true</code> if the named file exists. */ static VALUE test_e(obj, fname) VALUE obj, fname; { struct stat st; if (rb_stat(fname, &st) < 0) return Qfalse; return Qtrue; }
Return true if the named file exists.
/* * call-seq: * File.exist?(file_name) => true or false * File.exists?(file_name) => true or false (obsolete) * * Return <code>true</code> if the named file exists. */ static VALUE test_e(obj, fname) VALUE obj, fname; { struct stat st; if (rb_stat(fname, &st) < 0) return Qfalse; return Qtrue; }
Converts a pathname to an absolute pathname. Relative paths are referenced from the current working directory of the process unless dir_string is given, in which case it will be used as the starting point. The given pathname may start with a ``~’’, which expands to the process owner‘s home directory (the environment variable HOME must be set correctly). ``~user’’ expands to the named user‘s home directory.
File.expand_path("~oracle/bin") #=> "/home/oracle/bin" File.expand_path("../../bin", "/tmp/x") #=> "/bin"
/* * call-seq: * File.expand_path(file_name [, dir_string] ) -> abs_file_name * * Converts a pathname to an absolute pathname. Relative paths are * referenced from the current working directory of the process unless * <i>dir_string</i> is given, in which case it will be used as the * starting point. The given pathname may start with a * ``<code>~</code>'', which expands to the process owner's home * directory (the environment variable <code>HOME</code> must be set * correctly). ``<code>~</code><i>user</i>'' expands to the named * user's home directory. * * File.expand_path("~oracle/bin") #=> "/home/oracle/bin" * File.expand_path("../../bin", "/tmp/x") #=> "/bin" */ VALUE rb_file_s_expand_path(argc, argv) int argc; VALUE *argv; { VALUE fname, dname; if (argc == 1) { return rb_file_expand_path(argv[0], Qnil); } rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &fname, &dname); return rb_file_expand_path(fname, dname); }
Returns the extension (the portion of file name in path after the period).
File.extname("test.rb") #=> ".rb" File.extname("a/b/d/test.rb") #=> ".rb" File.extname("test") #=> "" File.extname(".profile") #=> ""
/* * call-seq: * File.extname(path) -> string * * Returns the extension (the portion of file name in <i>path</i> * after the period). * * File.extname("test.rb") #=> ".rb" * File.extname("a/b/d/test.rb") #=> ".rb" * File.extname("test") #=> "" * File.extname(".profile") #=> "" * */ static VALUE rb_file_s_extname(klass, fname) VALUE klass, fname; { const char *name, *p, *e; VALUE extname; name = StringValueCStr(fname); p = strrdirsep(name); /* get the last path component */ if (!p) p = name; else name = ++p; e = 0; while (*p) { if (*p == '.' || istrailinggabage(*p)) { #if USE_NTFS const char *last = p++, *dot = last; while (istrailinggabage(*p)) { if (*p == '.') dot = p; p++; } if (!*p || *p == ':') { p = last; break; } if (*last == '.') e = dot; continue; #else e = p; /* get the last dot of the last component */ #endif } #if USE_NTFS else if (*p == ':') { break; } #endif else if (isdirsep(*p)) break; p = CharNext(p); } if (!e || e == name || e+1 == p) /* no dot, or the only dot is first or end? */ return rb_str_new(0, 0); extname = rb_str_new(e, p - e); /* keep the dot, too! */ OBJ_INFECT(extname, fname); return extname; }
Returns true if the named file exists and is a regular file.
/* * call-seq: * File.file?(file_name) => true or false * * Returns <code>true</code> if the named file exists and is a * regular file. */ static VALUE test_f(obj, fname) VALUE obj, fname; { struct stat st; if (rb_stat(fname, &st) < 0) return Qfalse; if (S_ISREG(st.st_mode)) return Qtrue; return Qfalse; }
Returns true if path matches against pattern The pattern is not a regular expression; instead it follows rules similar to shell filename globbing. It may contain the following metacharacters:
*: | Matches any file. Can be restricted by other values in the glob. * will match all files; c* will match all files beginning with c; *c will match all files ending with c; and c will match all files that have c in them (including at the beginning or end). Equivalent to / .* /x in regexp. |
**: | Matches directories recursively or files expansively. |
?: | Matches any one character. Equivalent to /.{1}/ in regexp. |
[set]: | Matches any one character in set. Behaves exactly like character sets in Regexp, including set negation ([^a-z]). |
<code></code>: | Escapes the next metacharacter. |
flags is a bitwise OR of the FNM_xxx parameters. The same glob pattern and flags are used by Dir::glob.
File.fnmatch('cat', 'cat') #=> true : match entire string File.fnmatch('cat', 'category') #=> false : only match partial string File.fnmatch('c{at,ub}s', 'cats') #=> false : { } isn't supported File.fnmatch('c?t', 'cat') #=> true : '?' match only 1 character File.fnmatch('c??t', 'cat') #=> false : ditto File.fnmatch('c*', 'cats') #=> true : '*' match 0 or more characters File.fnmatch('c*t', 'c/a/b/t') #=> true : ditto File.fnmatch('ca[a-z]', 'cat') #=> true : inclusive bracket expression File.fnmatch('ca[^t]', 'cat') #=> false : exclusive bracket expression ('^' or '!') File.fnmatch('cat', 'CAT') #=> false : case sensitive File.fnmatch('cat', 'CAT', File::FNM_CASEFOLD) #=> true : case insensitive File.fnmatch('?', '/', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> false : wildcard doesn't match '/' on FNM_PATHNAME File.fnmatch('*', '/', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> false : ditto File.fnmatch('[/]', '/', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> false : ditto File.fnmatch('\?', '?') #=> true : escaped wildcard becomes ordinary File.fnmatch('\a', 'a') #=> true : escaped ordinary remains ordinary File.fnmatch('\a', '\a', File::FNM_NOESCAPE) #=> true : FNM_NOESACPE makes '\' ordinary File.fnmatch('[\?]', '?') #=> true : can escape inside bracket expression File.fnmatch('*', '.profile') #=> false : wildcard doesn't match leading File.fnmatch('*', '.profile', File::FNM_DOTMATCH) #=> true period by default. File.fnmatch('.*', '.profile') #=> true rbfiles = '**' '/' '*.rb' # you don't have to do like this. just write in single string. File.fnmatch(rbfiles, 'main.rb') #=> false File.fnmatch(rbfiles, './main.rb') #=> false File.fnmatch(rbfiles, 'lib/song.rb') #=> true File.fnmatch('**.rb', 'main.rb') #=> true File.fnmatch('**.rb', './main.rb') #=> false File.fnmatch('**.rb', 'lib/song.rb') #=> true File.fnmatch('*', 'dave/.profile') #=> true pattern = '*' '/' '*' File.fnmatch(pattern, 'dave/.profile', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> false File.fnmatch(pattern, 'dave/.profile', File::FNM_PATHNAME | File::FNM_DOTMATCH) #=> true pattern = '**' '/' 'foo' File.fnmatch(pattern, 'a/b/c/foo', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> true File.fnmatch(pattern, '/a/b/c/foo', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> true File.fnmatch(pattern, 'c:/a/b/c/foo', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> true File.fnmatch(pattern, 'a/.b/c/foo', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> false File.fnmatch(pattern, 'a/.b/c/foo', File::FNM_PATHNAME | File::FNM_DOTMATCH) #=> true
/* * call-seq: * File.fnmatch( pattern, path, [flags] ) => (true or false) * File.fnmatch?( pattern, path, [flags] ) => (true or false) * * Returns true if <i>path</i> matches against <i>pattern</i> The * pattern is not a regular expression; instead it follows rules * similar to shell filename globbing. It may contain the following * metacharacters: * * <code>*</code>:: Matches any file. Can be restricted by * other values in the glob. <code>*</code> * will match all files; <code>c*</code> will * match all files beginning with * <code>c</code>; <code>*c</code> will match * all files ending with <code>c</code>; and * <code>*c*</code> will match all files that * have <code>c</code> in them (including at * the beginning or end). Equivalent to * <code>/ .* /x</code> in regexp. * <code>**</code>:: Matches directories recursively or files * expansively. * <code>?</code>:: Matches any one character. Equivalent to * <code>/.{1}/</code> in regexp. * <code>[set]</code>:: Matches any one character in +set+. * Behaves exactly like character sets in * Regexp, including set negation * (<code>[^a-z]</code>). * <code>\</code>:: Escapes the next metacharacter. * * <i>flags</i> is a bitwise OR of the <code>FNM_xxx</code> * parameters. The same glob pattern and flags are used by * <code>Dir::glob</code>. * * File.fnmatch('cat', 'cat') #=> true : match entire string * File.fnmatch('cat', 'category') #=> false : only match partial string * File.fnmatch('c{at,ub}s', 'cats') #=> false : { } isn't supported * * File.fnmatch('c?t', 'cat') #=> true : '?' match only 1 character * File.fnmatch('c??t', 'cat') #=> false : ditto * File.fnmatch('c*', 'cats') #=> true : '*' match 0 or more characters * File.fnmatch('c*t', 'c/a/b/t') #=> true : ditto * File.fnmatch('ca[a-z]', 'cat') #=> true : inclusive bracket expression * File.fnmatch('ca[^t]', 'cat') #=> false : exclusive bracket expression ('^' or '!') * * File.fnmatch('cat', 'CAT') #=> false : case sensitive * File.fnmatch('cat', 'CAT', File::FNM_CASEFOLD) #=> true : case insensitive * * File.fnmatch('?', '/', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> false : wildcard doesn't match '/' on FNM_PATHNAME * File.fnmatch('*', '/', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> false : ditto * File.fnmatch('[/]', '/', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> false : ditto * * File.fnmatch('\?', '?') #=> true : escaped wildcard becomes ordinary * File.fnmatch('\a', 'a') #=> true : escaped ordinary remains ordinary * File.fnmatch('\a', '\a', File::FNM_NOESCAPE) #=> true : FNM_NOESACPE makes '\' ordinary * File.fnmatch('[\?]', '?') #=> true : can escape inside bracket expression * * File.fnmatch('*', '.profile') #=> false : wildcard doesn't match leading * File.fnmatch('*', '.profile', File::FNM_DOTMATCH) #=> true period by default. * File.fnmatch('.*', '.profile') #=> true * * rbfiles = '**' '/' '*.rb' # you don't have to do like this. just write in single string. * File.fnmatch(rbfiles, 'main.rb') #=> false * File.fnmatch(rbfiles, './main.rb') #=> false * File.fnmatch(rbfiles, 'lib/song.rb') #=> true * File.fnmatch('**.rb', 'main.rb') #=> true * File.fnmatch('**.rb', './main.rb') #=> false * File.fnmatch('**.rb', 'lib/song.rb') #=> true * File.fnmatch('*', 'dave/.profile') #=> true * * pattern = '*' '/' '*' * File.fnmatch(pattern, 'dave/.profile', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> false * File.fnmatch(pattern, 'dave/.profile', File::FNM_PATHNAME | File::FNM_DOTMATCH) #=> true * * pattern = '**' '/' 'foo' * File.fnmatch(pattern, 'a/b/c/foo', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> true * File.fnmatch(pattern, '/a/b/c/foo', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> true * File.fnmatch(pattern, 'c:/a/b/c/foo', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> true * File.fnmatch(pattern, 'a/.b/c/foo', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> false * File.fnmatch(pattern, 'a/.b/c/foo', File::FNM_PATHNAME | File::FNM_DOTMATCH) #=> true */ static VALUE file_s_fnmatch(argc, argv, obj) int argc; VALUE *argv; VALUE obj; { VALUE pattern, path; VALUE rflags; int flags; if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "21", &pattern, &path, &rflags) == 3) flags = NUM2INT(rflags); else flags = 0; StringValue(pattern); StringValue(path); if (fnmatch(RSTRING(pattern)->ptr, RSTRING(path)->ptr, flags) == 0) return Qtrue; return Qfalse; }
Returns true if path matches against pattern The pattern is not a regular expression; instead it follows rules similar to shell filename globbing. It may contain the following metacharacters:
*: | Matches any file. Can be restricted by other values in the glob. * will match all files; c* will match all files beginning with c; *c will match all files ending with c; and c will match all files that have c in them (including at the beginning or end). Equivalent to / .* /x in regexp. |
**: | Matches directories recursively or files expansively. |
?: | Matches any one character. Equivalent to /.{1}/ in regexp. |
[set]: | Matches any one character in set. Behaves exactly like character sets in Regexp, including set negation ([^a-z]). |
<code></code>: | Escapes the next metacharacter. |
flags is a bitwise OR of the FNM_xxx parameters. The same glob pattern and flags are used by Dir::glob.
File.fnmatch('cat', 'cat') #=> true : match entire string File.fnmatch('cat', 'category') #=> false : only match partial string File.fnmatch('c{at,ub}s', 'cats') #=> false : { } isn't supported File.fnmatch('c?t', 'cat') #=> true : '?' match only 1 character File.fnmatch('c??t', 'cat') #=> false : ditto File.fnmatch('c*', 'cats') #=> true : '*' match 0 or more characters File.fnmatch('c*t', 'c/a/b/t') #=> true : ditto File.fnmatch('ca[a-z]', 'cat') #=> true : inclusive bracket expression File.fnmatch('ca[^t]', 'cat') #=> false : exclusive bracket expression ('^' or '!') File.fnmatch('cat', 'CAT') #=> false : case sensitive File.fnmatch('cat', 'CAT', File::FNM_CASEFOLD) #=> true : case insensitive File.fnmatch('?', '/', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> false : wildcard doesn't match '/' on FNM_PATHNAME File.fnmatch('*', '/', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> false : ditto File.fnmatch('[/]', '/', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> false : ditto File.fnmatch('\?', '?') #=> true : escaped wildcard becomes ordinary File.fnmatch('\a', 'a') #=> true : escaped ordinary remains ordinary File.fnmatch('\a', '\a', File::FNM_NOESCAPE) #=> true : FNM_NOESACPE makes '\' ordinary File.fnmatch('[\?]', '?') #=> true : can escape inside bracket expression File.fnmatch('*', '.profile') #=> false : wildcard doesn't match leading File.fnmatch('*', '.profile', File::FNM_DOTMATCH) #=> true period by default. File.fnmatch('.*', '.profile') #=> true rbfiles = '**' '/' '*.rb' # you don't have to do like this. just write in single string. File.fnmatch(rbfiles, 'main.rb') #=> false File.fnmatch(rbfiles, './main.rb') #=> false File.fnmatch(rbfiles, 'lib/song.rb') #=> true File.fnmatch('**.rb', 'main.rb') #=> true File.fnmatch('**.rb', './main.rb') #=> false File.fnmatch('**.rb', 'lib/song.rb') #=> true File.fnmatch('*', 'dave/.profile') #=> true pattern = '*' '/' '*' File.fnmatch(pattern, 'dave/.profile', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> false File.fnmatch(pattern, 'dave/.profile', File::FNM_PATHNAME | File::FNM_DOTMATCH) #=> true pattern = '**' '/' 'foo' File.fnmatch(pattern, 'a/b/c/foo', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> true File.fnmatch(pattern, '/a/b/c/foo', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> true File.fnmatch(pattern, 'c:/a/b/c/foo', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> true File.fnmatch(pattern, 'a/.b/c/foo', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> false File.fnmatch(pattern, 'a/.b/c/foo', File::FNM_PATHNAME | File::FNM_DOTMATCH) #=> true
/* * call-seq: * File.fnmatch( pattern, path, [flags] ) => (true or false) * File.fnmatch?( pattern, path, [flags] ) => (true or false) * * Returns true if <i>path</i> matches against <i>pattern</i> The * pattern is not a regular expression; instead it follows rules * similar to shell filename globbing. It may contain the following * metacharacters: * * <code>*</code>:: Matches any file. Can be restricted by * other values in the glob. <code>*</code> * will match all files; <code>c*</code> will * match all files beginning with * <code>c</code>; <code>*c</code> will match * all files ending with <code>c</code>; and * <code>*c*</code> will match all files that * have <code>c</code> in them (including at * the beginning or end). Equivalent to * <code>/ .* /x</code> in regexp. * <code>**</code>:: Matches directories recursively or files * expansively. * <code>?</code>:: Matches any one character. Equivalent to * <code>/.{1}/</code> in regexp. * <code>[set]</code>:: Matches any one character in +set+. * Behaves exactly like character sets in * Regexp, including set negation * (<code>[^a-z]</code>). * <code>\</code>:: Escapes the next metacharacter. * * <i>flags</i> is a bitwise OR of the <code>FNM_xxx</code> * parameters. The same glob pattern and flags are used by * <code>Dir::glob</code>. * * File.fnmatch('cat', 'cat') #=> true : match entire string * File.fnmatch('cat', 'category') #=> false : only match partial string * File.fnmatch('c{at,ub}s', 'cats') #=> false : { } isn't supported * * File.fnmatch('c?t', 'cat') #=> true : '?' match only 1 character * File.fnmatch('c??t', 'cat') #=> false : ditto * File.fnmatch('c*', 'cats') #=> true : '*' match 0 or more characters * File.fnmatch('c*t', 'c/a/b/t') #=> true : ditto * File.fnmatch('ca[a-z]', 'cat') #=> true : inclusive bracket expression * File.fnmatch('ca[^t]', 'cat') #=> false : exclusive bracket expression ('^' or '!') * * File.fnmatch('cat', 'CAT') #=> false : case sensitive * File.fnmatch('cat', 'CAT', File::FNM_CASEFOLD) #=> true : case insensitive * * File.fnmatch('?', '/', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> false : wildcard doesn't match '/' on FNM_PATHNAME * File.fnmatch('*', '/', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> false : ditto * File.fnmatch('[/]', '/', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> false : ditto * * File.fnmatch('\?', '?') #=> true : escaped wildcard becomes ordinary * File.fnmatch('\a', 'a') #=> true : escaped ordinary remains ordinary * File.fnmatch('\a', '\a', File::FNM_NOESCAPE) #=> true : FNM_NOESACPE makes '\' ordinary * File.fnmatch('[\?]', '?') #=> true : can escape inside bracket expression * * File.fnmatch('*', '.profile') #=> false : wildcard doesn't match leading * File.fnmatch('*', '.profile', File::FNM_DOTMATCH) #=> true period by default. * File.fnmatch('.*', '.profile') #=> true * * rbfiles = '**' '/' '*.rb' # you don't have to do like this. just write in single string. * File.fnmatch(rbfiles, 'main.rb') #=> false * File.fnmatch(rbfiles, './main.rb') #=> false * File.fnmatch(rbfiles, 'lib/song.rb') #=> true * File.fnmatch('**.rb', 'main.rb') #=> true * File.fnmatch('**.rb', './main.rb') #=> false * File.fnmatch('**.rb', 'lib/song.rb') #=> true * File.fnmatch('*', 'dave/.profile') #=> true * * pattern = '*' '/' '*' * File.fnmatch(pattern, 'dave/.profile', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> false * File.fnmatch(pattern, 'dave/.profile', File::FNM_PATHNAME | File::FNM_DOTMATCH) #=> true * * pattern = '**' '/' 'foo' * File.fnmatch(pattern, 'a/b/c/foo', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> true * File.fnmatch(pattern, '/a/b/c/foo', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> true * File.fnmatch(pattern, 'c:/a/b/c/foo', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> true * File.fnmatch(pattern, 'a/.b/c/foo', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> false * File.fnmatch(pattern, 'a/.b/c/foo', File::FNM_PATHNAME | File::FNM_DOTMATCH) #=> true */ static VALUE file_s_fnmatch(argc, argv, obj) int argc; VALUE *argv; VALUE obj; { VALUE pattern, path; VALUE rflags; int flags; if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "21", &pattern, &path, &rflags) == 3) flags = NUM2INT(rflags); else flags = 0; StringValue(pattern); StringValue(path); if (fnmatch(RSTRING(pattern)->ptr, RSTRING(path)->ptr, flags) == 0) return Qtrue; return Qfalse; }
Identifies the type of the named file; the return string is one of ``file’’, ``directory’’, ``characterSpecial’’, ``blockSpecial’’, ``fifo’’, ``link’’, ``socket’’, or ``unknown’’.
File.ftype("testfile") #=> "file" File.ftype("/dev/tty") #=> "characterSpecial" File.ftype("/tmp/.X11-unix/X0") #=> "socket"
/* * call-seq: * File.ftype(file_name) => string * * Identifies the type of the named file; the return string is one of * ``<code>file</code>'', ``<code>directory</code>'', * ``<code>characterSpecial</code>'', ``<code>blockSpecial</code>'', * ``<code>fifo</code>'', ``<code>link</code>'', * ``<code>socket</code>'', or ``<code>unknown</code>''. * * File.ftype("testfile") #=> "file" * File.ftype("/dev/tty") #=> "characterSpecial" * File.ftype("/tmp/.X11-unix/X0") #=> "socket" */ static VALUE rb_file_s_ftype(klass, fname) VALUE klass, fname; { struct stat st; SafeStringValue(fname); if (lstat(StringValueCStr(fname), &st) == -1) { rb_sys_fail(RSTRING(fname)->ptr); } return rb_file_ftype(&st); }
Returns true if the named file exists and the effective group id of the calling process is the owner of the file. Returns false on Windows.
/* * call-seq: * File.grpowned?(file_name) => true or false * * Returns <code>true</code> if the named file exists and the * effective group id of the calling process is the owner of * the file. Returns <code>false</code> on Windows. */ static VALUE test_grpowned(obj, fname) VALUE obj, fname; { #ifndef _WIN32 struct stat st; if (rb_stat(fname, &st) < 0) return Qfalse; if (group_member(st.st_gid)) return Qtrue; #endif return Qfalse; }
Returns true if the named files are identical.
open("a", "w") {} p File.identical?("a", "a") #=> true p File.identical?("a", "./a") #=> true File.link("a", "b") p File.identical?("a", "b") #=> true File.symlink("a", "c") p File.identical?("a", "c") #=> true open("d", "w") {} p File.identical?("a", "d") #=> false
/* * call-seq: * File.identical?(file_1, file_2) => true or false * * Returns <code>true</code> if the named files are identical. * * open("a", "w") {} * p File.identical?("a", "a") #=> true * p File.identical?("a", "./a") #=> true * File.link("a", "b") * p File.identical?("a", "b") #=> true * File.symlink("a", "c") * p File.identical?("a", "c") #=> true * open("d", "w") {} * p File.identical?("a", "d") #=> false */ static VALUE test_identical(obj, fname1, fname2) VALUE obj, fname1, fname2; { #ifndef DOSISH struct stat st1, st2; if (rb_stat(fname1, &st1) < 0) return Qfalse; if (rb_stat(fname2, &st2) < 0) return Qfalse; if (st1.st_dev != st2.st_dev) return Qfalse; if (st1.st_ino != st2.st_ino) return Qfalse; #else #ifdef _WIN32 BY_HANDLE_FILE_INFORMATION st1, st2; HANDLE f1 = 0, f2 = 0; #endif rb_secure(2); #ifdef _WIN32 f1 = w32_io_info(&fname1, &st1); if (f1 == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) return Qfalse; f2 = w32_io_info(&fname2, &st2); if (f1) CloseHandle(f1); if (f2 == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) return Qfalse; if (f2) CloseHandle(f2); if (st1.dwVolumeSerialNumber == st2.dwVolumeSerialNumber && st1.nFileIndexHigh == st2.nFileIndexHigh && st1.nFileIndexLow == st2.nFileIndexLow) return Qtrue; if (!f1 || !f2) return Qfalse; if (rb_w32_iswin95()) return Qfalse; #else SafeStringValue(fname1); fname1 = rb_str_new4(fname1); SafeStringValue(fname2); if (access(RSTRING(fname1)->ptr, 0)) return Qfalse; if (access(RSTRING(fname2)->ptr, 0)) return Qfalse; #endif fname1 = rb_file_expand_path(fname1, Qnil); fname2 = rb_file_expand_path(fname2, Qnil); if (RSTRING(fname1)->len != RSTRING(fname2)->len) return Qfalse; if (rb_memcicmp(RSTRING(fname1)->ptr, RSTRING(fname2)->ptr, RSTRING(fname1)->len)) return Qfalse; #endif return Qtrue; }
Returns a new string formed by joining the strings using File::SEPARATOR.
File.join("usr", "mail", "gumby") #=> "usr/mail/gumby"
/* * call-seq: * File.join(string, ...) -> path * * Returns a new string formed by joining the strings using * <code>File::SEPARATOR</code>. * * File.join("usr", "mail", "gumby") #=> "usr/mail/gumby" * */ static VALUE rb_file_s_join(klass, args) VALUE klass, args; { return rb_file_join(args, separator); }
Equivalent to File::chmod, but does not follow symbolic links (so it will change the permissions associated with the link, not the file referenced by the link). Often not available.
/* * call-seq: * File.lchmod(mode_int, file_name, ...) => integer * * Equivalent to <code>File::chmod</code>, but does not follow symbolic * links (so it will change the permissions associated with the link, * not the file referenced by the link). Often not available. * */ static VALUE rb_file_s_lchmod(argc, argv) int argc; VALUE *argv; { VALUE vmode; VALUE rest; long mode, n; rb_secure(2); rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "1*", &vmode, &rest); mode = NUM2INT(vmode); n = apply2files(lchmod_internal, rest, (void *)(long)mode); return LONG2FIX(n); }
Equivalent to File::chown, but does not follow symbolic links (so it will change the owner associated with the link, not the file referenced by the link). Often not available. Returns number of files in the argument list.
/* * call-seq: * file.lchown(owner_int, group_int, file_name,..) => integer * * Equivalent to <code>File::chown</code>, but does not follow symbolic * links (so it will change the owner associated with the link, not the * file referenced by the link). Often not available. Returns number * of files in the argument list. * */ static VALUE rb_file_s_lchown(argc, argv) int argc; VALUE *argv; { VALUE o, g, rest; struct chown_args arg; long n; rb_secure(2); rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "2*", &o, &g, &rest); if (NIL_P(o)) { arg.owner = -1; } else { arg.owner = NUM2INT(o); } if (NIL_P(g)) { arg.group = -1; } else { arg.group = NUM2INT(g); } n = apply2files(lchown_internal, rest, &arg); return LONG2FIX(n); }
Creates a new name for an existing file using a hard link. Will not overwrite new_name if it already exists (raising a subclass of SystemCallError). Not available on all platforms.
File.link("testfile", ".testfile") #=> 0 IO.readlines(".testfile")[0] #=> "This is line one\n"
/* * call-seq: * File.link(old_name, new_name) => 0 * * Creates a new name for an existing file using a hard link. Will not * overwrite <i>new_name</i> if it already exists (raising a subclass * of <code>SystemCallError</code>). Not available on all platforms. * * File.link("testfile", ".testfile") #=> 0 * IO.readlines(".testfile")[0] #=> "This is line one\n" */ static VALUE rb_file_s_link(klass, from, to) VALUE klass, from, to; { #ifdef HAVE_LINK SafeStringValue(from); SafeStringValue(to); if (link(StringValueCStr(from), StringValueCStr(to)) < 0) { sys_fail2(from, to); } return INT2FIX(0); #else rb_notimplement(); return Qnil; /* not reached */ #endif }
Same as File::stat, but does not follow the last symbolic link. Instead, reports on the link itself.
File.symlink("testfile", "link2test") #=> 0 File.stat("testfile").size #=> 66 File.lstat("link2test").size #=> 8 File.stat("link2test").size #=> 66
/* * call-seq: * File.lstat(file_name) => stat * * Same as <code>File::stat</code>, but does not follow the last symbolic * link. Instead, reports on the link itself. * * File.symlink("testfile", "link2test") #=> 0 * File.stat("testfile").size #=> 66 * File.lstat("link2test").size #=> 8 * File.stat("link2test").size #=> 66 * */ static VALUE rb_file_s_lstat(klass, fname) VALUE klass, fname; { #ifdef HAVE_LSTAT struct stat st; SafeStringValue(fname); if (lstat(StringValueCStr(fname), &st) == -1) { rb_sys_fail(RSTRING(fname)->ptr); } return stat_new(&st); #else return rb_file_s_stat(klass, fname); #endif }
Returns the modification time for the named file as a Time object.
File.mtime("testfile") #=> Tue Apr 08 12:58:04 CDT 2003
/* * call-seq: * File.mtime(file_name) => time * * Returns the modification time for the named file as a Time object. * * File.mtime("testfile") #=> Tue Apr 08 12:58:04 CDT 2003 * */ static VALUE rb_file_s_mtime(klass, fname) VALUE klass, fname; { struct stat st; if (rb_stat(fname, &st) < 0) rb_sys_fail(RSTRING(fname)->ptr); return rb_time_new(st.st_mtime, 0); }
Opens the file named by filename according to mode (default is ``r’’) and returns a new File object. See the description of class IO for a description of mode. The file mode may optionally be specified as a Fixnum by or-ing together the flags (O_RDONLY etc, again described under IO). Optional permission bits may be given in perm. These mode and permission bits are platform dependent; on Unix systems, see open(2) for details.
f = File.new("testfile", "r") f = File.new("newfile", "w+") f = File.new("newfile", File::CREAT|File::TRUNC|File::RDWR, 0644)
/* * call-seq: * File.new(filename, mode="r") => file * File.new(filename [, mode [, perm]]) => file * * Opens the file named by _filename_ according to * _mode_ (default is ``r'') and returns a new * <code>File</code> object. See the description of class +IO+ for * a description of _mode_. The file mode may optionally be * specified as a +Fixnum+ by _or_-ing together the * flags (O_RDONLY etc, again described under +IO+). Optional * permission bits may be given in _perm_. These mode and permission * bits are platform dependent; on Unix systems, see * <code>open(2)</code> for details. * * f = File.new("testfile", "r") * f = File.new("newfile", "w+") * f = File.new("newfile", File::CREAT|File::TRUNC|File::RDWR, 0644) */ static VALUE rb_file_initialize(argc, argv, io) int argc; VALUE *argv; VALUE io; { if (RFILE(io)->fptr) { rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "reinitializing File"); } if (0 < argc && argc < 3) { VALUE fd = rb_check_convert_type(argv[0], T_FIXNUM, "Fixnum", "to_int"); if (!NIL_P(fd)) { argv[0] = fd; return rb_io_initialize(argc, argv, io); } } rb_open_file(argc, argv, io); return io; }
Returns true if the named file exists and the effective used id of the calling process is the owner of the file.
/* * call-seq: * File.owned?(file_name) => true or false * * Returns <code>true</code> if the named file exists and the * effective used id of the calling process is the owner of * the file. */ static VALUE test_owned(obj, fname) VALUE obj, fname; { struct stat st; if (rb_stat(fname, &st) < 0) return Qfalse; if (st.st_uid == geteuid()) return Qtrue; return Qfalse; }
Returns true if the named file is a pipe.
/* * call-seq: * File.pipe?(file_name) => true or false * * Returns <code>true</code> if the named file is a pipe. */ static VALUE test_p(obj, fname) VALUE obj, fname; { #ifdef S_IFIFO # ifndef S_ISFIFO # define S_ISFIFO(m) ((m & S_IFMT) == S_IFIFO) # endif struct stat st; if (rb_stat(fname, &st) < 0) return Qfalse; if (S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode)) return Qtrue; #endif return Qfalse; }
Returns true if the named file is readable by the effective user id of this process.
/* * call-seq: * File.readable?(file_name) => true or false * * Returns <code>true</code> if the named file is readable by the effective * user id of this process. */ static VALUE test_r(obj, fname) VALUE obj, fname; { SafeStringValue(fname); if (eaccess(StringValueCStr(fname), R_OK) < 0) return Qfalse; return Qtrue; }
Returns true if the named file is readable by the real user id of this process.
/* * call-seq: * File.readable_real?(file_name) => true or false * * Returns <code>true</code> if the named file is readable by the real * user id of this process. */ static VALUE test_R(obj, fname) VALUE obj, fname; { SafeStringValue(fname); if (access(StringValueCStr(fname), R_OK) < 0) return Qfalse; return Qtrue; }
Returns the name of the file referenced by the given link. Not available on all platforms.
File.symlink("testfile", "link2test") #=> 0 File.readlink("link2test") #=> "testfile"
/* * call-seq: * File.readlink(link_name) -> file_name * * Returns the name of the file referenced by the given link. * Not available on all platforms. * * File.symlink("testfile", "link2test") #=> 0 * File.readlink("link2test") #=> "testfile" */ static VALUE rb_file_s_readlink(klass, path) VALUE klass, path; { #ifdef HAVE_READLINK char *buf; int size = 100; int rv; VALUE v; SafeStringValue(path); buf = xmalloc(size); while ((rv = readlink(RSTRING(path)->ptr, buf, size)) == size #ifdef _AIX || (rv < 0 && errno == ERANGE) /* quirky behavior of GPFS */ #endif ) { size *= 2; buf = xrealloc(buf, size); } if (rv < 0) { free(buf); rb_sys_fail(RSTRING(path)->ptr); } v = rb_tainted_str_new(buf, rv); free(buf); return v; #else rb_notimplement(); return Qnil; /* not reached */ #endif }
Renames the given file to the new name. Raises a SystemCallError if the file cannot be renamed.
File.rename("afile", "afile.bak") #=> 0
/* * call-seq: * File.rename(old_name, new_name) => 0 * * Renames the given file to the new name. Raises a * <code>SystemCallError</code> if the file cannot be renamed. * * File.rename("afile", "afile.bak") #=> 0 */ static VALUE rb_file_s_rename(klass, from, to) VALUE klass, from, to; { const char *src, *dst; SafeStringValue(from); SafeStringValue(to); src = StringValueCStr(from); dst = StringValueCStr(to); #if defined __CYGWIN__ errno = 0; #endif if (rename(src, dst) < 0) { #if defined DOSISH && !defined _WIN32 switch (errno) { case EEXIST: #if defined (__EMX__) case EACCES: #endif if (chmod(dst, 0666) == 0 && unlink(dst) == 0 && rename(src, dst) == 0) return INT2FIX(0); } #endif sys_fail2(from, to); } return INT2FIX(0); }
Returns true if the named file has the setgid bit set.
/* * call-seq: * File.setgid?(file_name) => true or false * * Returns <code>true</code> if the named file has the setgid bit set. */ static VALUE test_sgid(obj, fname) VALUE obj, fname; { #ifdef S_ISGID return check3rdbyte(fname, S_ISGID); #else return Qfalse; #endif }
Returns true if the named file has the setuid bit set.
/* * call-seq: * File.setuid?(file_name) => true or false * * Returns <code>true</code> if the named file has the setuid bit set. */ static VALUE test_suid(obj, fname) VALUE obj, fname; { #ifdef S_ISUID return check3rdbyte(fname, S_ISUID); #else return Qfalse; #endif }
Returns the size of file_name.
/* * call-seq: * File.size(file_name) => integer * * Returns the size of <code>file_name</code>. */ static VALUE rb_file_s_size(klass, fname) VALUE klass, fname; { struct stat st; if (rb_stat(fname, &st) < 0) rb_sys_fail(StringValueCStr(fname)); return OFFT2NUM(st.st_size); }
Returns nil if file_name doesn‘t exist or has zero size, the size of the file otherwise.
/* * call-seq: * File.size?(file_name) => Integer or nil * * Returns +nil+ if +file_name+ doesn't exist or has zero size, the size of the * file otherwise. */ static VALUE test_s(obj, fname) VALUE obj, fname; { struct stat st; if (rb_stat(fname, &st) < 0) return Qnil; if (st.st_size == 0) return Qnil; return OFFT2NUM(st.st_size); }
Returns true if the named file is a socket.
/* * call-seq: * File.socket?(file_name) => true or false * * Returns <code>true</code> if the named file is a socket. */ static VALUE test_S(obj, fname) VALUE obj, fname; { #ifndef S_ISSOCK # ifdef _S_ISSOCK # define S_ISSOCK(m) _S_ISSOCK(m) # elif defined __BORLANDC__ # ifdef _S_IFSOCK # define S_ISSOCK(m) (((unsigned short)(m) & S_IFMT) == _S_IFSOCK) # else # ifdef S_IFSOCK # define S_ISSOCK(m) (((unsigned short)(m) & S_IFMT) == S_IFSOCK) # endif # endif # else # ifdef _S_IFSOCK # define S_ISSOCK(m) ((m & S_IFMT) == _S_IFSOCK) # else # ifdef S_IFSOCK # define S_ISSOCK(m) ((m & S_IFMT) == S_IFSOCK) # endif # endif # endif #endif #ifdef S_ISSOCK struct stat st; if (rb_stat(fname, &st) < 0) return Qfalse; if (S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode)) return Qtrue; #endif return Qfalse; }
Splits the given string into a directory and a file component and returns them in a two-element array. See also File::dirname and File::basename.
File.split("/home/gumby/.profile") #=> ["/home/gumby", ".profile"]
/* * call-seq: * File.split(file_name) => array * * Splits the given string into a directory and a file component and * returns them in a two-element array. See also * <code>File::dirname</code> and <code>File::basename</code>. * * File.split("/home/gumby/.profile") #=> ["/home/gumby", ".profile"] */ static VALUE rb_file_s_split(klass, path) VALUE klass, path; { StringValue(path); /* get rid of converting twice */ return rb_assoc_new(rb_file_s_dirname(Qnil, path), rb_file_s_basename(1,&path)); }
Returns a File::Stat object for the named file (see File::Stat).
File.stat("testfile").mtime #=> Tue Apr 08 12:58:04 CDT 2003
/* * call-seq: * File.stat(file_name) => stat * * Returns a <code>File::Stat</code> object for the named file (see * <code>File::Stat</code>). * * File.stat("testfile").mtime #=> Tue Apr 08 12:58:04 CDT 2003 * */ static VALUE rb_file_s_stat(klass, fname) VALUE klass, fname; { struct stat st; SafeStringValue(fname); if (rb_stat(fname, &st) < 0) { rb_sys_fail(StringValueCStr(fname)); } return stat_new(&st); }
Returns true if the named file has the sticky bit set.
/* * call-seq: * File.sticky?(file_name) => true or false * * Returns <code>true</code> if the named file has the sticky bit set. */ static VALUE test_sticky(obj, fname) VALUE obj, fname; { #ifdef S_ISVTX return check3rdbyte(fname, S_ISVTX); #else return Qnil; #endif }
Creates a symbolic link called new_name for the existing file old_name. Raises a NotImplemented exception on platforms that do not support symbolic links.
File.symlink("testfile", "link2test") #=> 0
/* * call-seq: * File.symlink(old_name, new_name) => 0 * * Creates a symbolic link called <i>new_name</i> for the existing file * <i>old_name</i>. Raises a <code>NotImplemented</code> exception on * platforms that do not support symbolic links. * * File.symlink("testfile", "link2test") #=> 0 * */ static VALUE rb_file_s_symlink(klass, from, to) VALUE klass, from, to; { #ifdef HAVE_SYMLINK SafeStringValue(from); SafeStringValue(to); if (symlink(StringValueCStr(from), StringValueCStr(to)) < 0) { sys_fail2(from, to); } return INT2FIX(0); #else rb_notimplement(); return Qnil; /* not reached */ #endif }
Returns true if the named file is a symbolic link.
/* * call-seq: * File.symlink?(file_name) => true or false * * Returns <code>true</code> if the named file is a symbolic link. */ static VALUE test_l(obj, fname) VALUE obj, fname; { #ifndef S_ISLNK # ifdef _S_ISLNK # define S_ISLNK(m) _S_ISLNK(m) # elif defined __BORLANDC__ # ifdef _S_IFLNK # define S_ISLNK(m) (((unsigned short)(m) & S_IFMT) == _S_IFLNK) # else # ifdef S_IFLNK # define S_ISLNK(m) (((unsigned short)(m) & S_IFMT) == S_IFLNK) # endif # endif # else # ifdef _S_IFLNK # define S_ISLNK(m) ((m & S_IFMT) == _S_IFLNK) # else # ifdef S_IFLNK # define S_ISLNK(m) ((m & S_IFMT) == S_IFLNK) # endif # endif # endif #endif #ifdef S_ISLNK struct stat st; SafeStringValue(fname); if (lstat(StringValueCStr(fname), &st) < 0) return Qfalse; if (S_ISLNK(st.st_mode)) return Qtrue; #endif return Qfalse; }
Truncates the file file_name to be at most integer bytes long. Not available on all platforms.
f = File.new("out", "w") f.write("1234567890") #=> 10 f.close #=> nil File.truncate("out", 5) #=> 0 File.size("out") #=> 5
/* * call-seq: * File.truncate(file_name, integer) => 0 * * Truncates the file <i>file_name</i> to be at most <i>integer</i> * bytes long. Not available on all platforms. * * f = File.new("out", "w") * f.write("1234567890") #=> 10 * f.close #=> nil * File.truncate("out", 5) #=> 0 * File.size("out") #=> 5 * */ static VALUE rb_file_s_truncate(klass, path, len) VALUE klass, path, len; { off_t pos; rb_secure(2); pos = NUM2OFFT(len); SafeStringValue(path); #ifdef HAVE_TRUNCATE if (truncate(StringValueCStr(path), pos) < 0) rb_sys_fail(RSTRING(path)->ptr); #else # ifdef HAVE_CHSIZE { int tmpfd; # ifdef _WIN32 if ((tmpfd = open(StringValueCStr(path), O_RDWR)) < 0) { rb_sys_fail(RSTRING(path)->ptr); } # else if ((tmpfd = open(StringValueCStr(path), 0)) < 0) { rb_sys_fail(RSTRING(path)->ptr); } # endif if (chsize(tmpfd, pos) < 0) { close(tmpfd); rb_sys_fail(RSTRING(path)->ptr); } close(tmpfd); } # else rb_notimplement(); # endif #endif return INT2FIX(0); }
Returns the current umask value for this process. If the optional argument is given, set the umask to that value and return the previous value. Umask values are subtracted from the default permissions, so a umask of 0222 would make a file read-only for everyone.
File.umask(0006) #=> 18 File.umask #=> 6
/* * call-seq: * File.umask() => integer * File.umask(integer) => integer * * Returns the current umask value for this process. If the optional * argument is given, set the umask to that value and return the * previous value. Umask values are <em>subtracted</em> from the * default permissions, so a umask of <code>0222</code> would make a * file read-only for everyone. * * File.umask(0006) #=> 18 * File.umask #=> 6 */ static VALUE rb_file_s_umask(argc, argv) int argc; VALUE *argv; { int omask = 0; rb_secure(2); if (argc == 0) { omask = umask(0); umask(omask); } else if (argc == 1) { omask = umask(NUM2INT(argv[0])); } else { rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments"); } return INT2FIX(omask); }
Deletes the named files, returning the number of names passed as arguments. Raises an exception on any error. See also Dir::rmdir.
/* * call-seq: * File.delete(file_name, ...) => integer * File.unlink(file_name, ...) => integer * * Deletes the named files, returning the number of names * passed as arguments. Raises an exception on any error. * See also <code>Dir::rmdir</code>. */ static VALUE rb_file_s_unlink(klass, args) VALUE klass, args; { long n; rb_secure(2); n = apply2files(unlink_internal, args, 0); return LONG2FIX(n); }
Sets the access and modification times of each named file to the first two arguments. Returns the number of file names in the argument list.
/* * call-seq: * File.utime(atime, mtime, file_name,...) => integer * * Sets the access and modification times of each * named file to the first two arguments. Returns * the number of file names in the argument list. */ static VALUE rb_file_s_utime(argc, argv) int argc; VALUE *argv; { VALUE atime, mtime, rest; struct timeval tvs[2], *tvp = NULL; long n; rb_secure(2); rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "2*", &atime, &mtime, &rest); if (!NIL_P(atime) || !NIL_P(mtime)) { tvp = tvs; tvp[0] = rb_time_timeval(atime); tvp[1] = rb_time_timeval(mtime); } n = apply2files(utime_internal, rest, tvp); return LONG2FIX(n); }
Returns true if the named file is writable by the effective user id of this process.
/* * call-seq: * File.writable?(file_name) => true or false * * Returns <code>true</code> if the named file is writable by the effective * user id of this process. */ static VALUE test_w(obj, fname) VALUE obj, fname; { SafeStringValue(fname); if (eaccess(StringValueCStr(fname), W_OK) < 0) return Qfalse; return Qtrue; }
Returns true if the named file is writable by the real user id of this process.
/* * call-seq: * File.writable_real?(file_name) => true or false * * Returns <code>true</code> if the named file is writable by the real * user id of this process. */ static VALUE test_W(obj, fname) VALUE obj, fname; { SafeStringValue(fname); if (access(StringValueCStr(fname), W_OK) < 0) return Qfalse; return Qtrue; }
Returns true if the named file exists and has a zero size.
/* * call-seq: * File.zero?(file_name) => true or false * * Returns <code>true</code> if the named file exists and has * a zero size. */ static VALUE test_z(obj, fname) VALUE obj, fname; { struct stat st; if (rb_stat(fname, &st) < 0) return Qfalse; if (st.st_size == 0) return Qtrue; return Qfalse; }
Returns the last access time (a Time object)
for <i>file</i>, or epoch if <i>file</i> has not been accessed. File.new("testfile").atime #=> Wed Dec 31 18:00:00 CST 1969
/* * call-seq: * file.atime => time * * Returns the last access time (a <code>Time</code> object) * for <i>file</i>, or epoch if <i>file</i> has not been accessed. * * File.new("testfile").atime #=> Wed Dec 31 18:00:00 CST 1969 * */ static VALUE rb_file_atime(obj) VALUE obj; { rb_io_t *fptr; struct stat st; GetOpenFile(obj, fptr); if (fstat(fileno(fptr->f), &st) == -1) { rb_sys_fail(fptr->path); } return rb_time_new(st.st_atime, 0); }
Changes permission bits on file to the bit pattern represented by mode_int. Actual effects are platform dependent; on Unix systems, see chmod(2) for details. Follows symbolic links. Also see File#lchmod.
f = File.new("out", "w"); f.chmod(0644) #=> 0
/* * call-seq: * file.chmod(mode_int) => 0 * * Changes permission bits on <i>file</i> to the bit pattern * represented by <i>mode_int</i>. Actual effects are platform * dependent; on Unix systems, see <code>chmod(2)</code> for details. * Follows symbolic links. Also see <code>File#lchmod</code>. * * f = File.new("out", "w"); * f.chmod(0644) #=> 0 */ static VALUE rb_file_chmod(obj, vmode) VALUE obj, vmode; { rb_io_t *fptr; int mode; rb_secure(2); mode = NUM2INT(vmode); GetOpenFile(obj, fptr); #ifdef HAVE_FCHMOD if (fchmod(fileno(fptr->f), mode) == -1) rb_sys_fail(fptr->path); #else if (!fptr->path) return Qnil; if (chmod(fptr->path, mode) == -1) rb_sys_fail(fptr->path); #endif return INT2FIX(0); }
Changes the owner and group of file to the given numeric owner and group id‘s. Only a process with superuser privileges may change the owner of a file. The current owner of a file may change the file‘s group to any group to which the owner belongs. A nil or -1 owner or group id is ignored. Follows symbolic links. See also File#lchown.
File.new("testfile").chown(502, 1000)
/* * call-seq: * file.chown(owner_int, group_int ) => 0 * * Changes the owner and group of <i>file</i> to the given numeric * owner and group id's. Only a process with superuser privileges may * change the owner of a file. The current owner of a file may change * the file's group to any group to which the owner belongs. A * <code>nil</code> or -1 owner or group id is ignored. Follows * symbolic links. See also <code>File#lchown</code>. * * File.new("testfile").chown(502, 1000) * */ static VALUE rb_file_chown(obj, owner, group) VALUE obj, owner, group; { rb_io_t *fptr; int o, g; rb_secure(2); o = NIL_P(owner) ? -1 : NUM2INT(owner); g = NIL_P(group) ? -1 : NUM2INT(group); GetOpenFile(obj, fptr); #if defined(DJGPP) || defined(__CYGWIN32__) || defined(_WIN32) || defined(__EMX__) if (!fptr->path) return Qnil; if (chown(fptr->path, o, g) == -1) rb_sys_fail(fptr->path); #else if (fchown(fileno(fptr->f), o, g) == -1) rb_sys_fail(fptr->path); #endif return INT2FIX(0); }
Returns the change time for file (that is, the time directory information about the file was changed, not the file itself).
File.new("testfile").ctime #=> Wed Apr 09 08:53:14 CDT 2003
/* * call-seq: * file.ctime -> time * * Returns the change time for <i>file</i> (that is, the time directory * information about the file was changed, not the file itself). * * File.new("testfile").ctime #=> Wed Apr 09 08:53:14 CDT 2003 * */ static VALUE rb_file_ctime(obj) VALUE obj; { rb_io_t *fptr; struct stat st; GetOpenFile(obj, fptr); if (fstat(fileno(fptr->f), &st) == -1) { rb_sys_fail(fptr->path); } return rb_time_new(st.st_ctime, 0); }
Locks or unlocks a file according to locking_constant (a logical or of the values in the table below). Returns false if File::LOCK_NB is specified and the operation would otherwise have blocked. Not available on all platforms.
Locking constants (in class File):
LOCK_EX | Exclusive lock. Only one process may hold an | exclusive lock for a given file at a time. ----------+------------------------------------------------ LOCK_NB | Don't block when locking. May be combined | with other lock options using logical or. ----------+------------------------------------------------ LOCK_SH | Shared lock. Multiple processes may each hold a | shared lock for a given file at the same time. ----------+------------------------------------------------ LOCK_UN | Unlock.
Example:
File.new("testfile").flock(File::LOCK_UN) #=> 0
/* * call-seq: * file.flock (locking_constant ) => 0 or false * * Locks or unlocks a file according to <i>locking_constant</i> (a * logical <em>or</em> of the values in the table below). * Returns <code>false</code> if <code>File::LOCK_NB</code> is * specified and the operation would otherwise have blocked. Not * available on all platforms. * * Locking constants (in class File): * * LOCK_EX | Exclusive lock. Only one process may hold an * | exclusive lock for a given file at a time. * ----------+------------------------------------------------ * LOCK_NB | Don't block when locking. May be combined * | with other lock options using logical or. * ----------+------------------------------------------------ * LOCK_SH | Shared lock. Multiple processes may each hold a * | shared lock for a given file at the same time. * ----------+------------------------------------------------ * LOCK_UN | Unlock. * * Example: * * File.new("testfile").flock(File::LOCK_UN) #=> 0 * */ static VALUE rb_file_flock(obj, operation) VALUE obj; VALUE operation; { #ifndef __CHECKER__ rb_io_t *fptr; int op; rb_secure(2); op = NUM2INT(operation); GetOpenFile(obj, fptr); if (fptr->mode & FMODE_WRITABLE) { fflush(GetWriteFile(fptr)); } retry: if (flock(fileno(fptr->f), op) < 0) { switch (errno) { case EAGAIN: case EACCES: #if defined(EWOULDBLOCK) && EWOULDBLOCK != EAGAIN case EWOULDBLOCK: #endif return Qfalse; case EINTR: #if defined(ERESTART) case ERESTART: #endif goto retry; } rb_sys_fail(fptr->path); } #endif return INT2FIX(0); }
Same as IO#stat, but does not follow the last symbolic link. Instead, reports on the link itself.
File.symlink("testfile", "link2test") #=> 0 File.stat("testfile").size #=> 66 f = File.new("link2test") f.lstat.size #=> 8 f.stat.size #=> 66
/* * call-seq: * file.lstat => stat * * Same as <code>IO#stat</code>, but does not follow the last symbolic * link. Instead, reports on the link itself. * * File.symlink("testfile", "link2test") #=> 0 * File.stat("testfile").size #=> 66 * f = File.new("link2test") * f.lstat.size #=> 8 * f.stat.size #=> 66 */ static VALUE rb_file_lstat(obj) VALUE obj; { #ifdef HAVE_LSTAT rb_io_t *fptr; struct stat st; rb_secure(2); GetOpenFile(obj, fptr); if (!fptr->path) return Qnil; if (lstat(fptr->path, &st) == -1) { rb_sys_fail(fptr->path); } return stat_new(&st); #else return rb_io_stat(obj); #endif }
Returns the modification time for file.
File.new("testfile").mtime #=> Wed Apr 09 08:53:14 CDT 2003
/* * call-seq: * file.mtime -> time * * Returns the modification time for <i>file</i>. * * File.new("testfile").mtime #=> Wed Apr 09 08:53:14 CDT 2003 * */ static VALUE rb_file_mtime(obj) VALUE obj; { rb_io_t *fptr; struct stat st; GetOpenFile(obj, fptr); if (fstat(fileno(fptr->f), &st) == -1) { rb_sys_fail(fptr->path); } return rb_time_new(st.st_mtime, 0); }
Returns the pathname used to create file as a string. Does not normalize the name.
File.new("testfile").path #=> "testfile" File.new("/tmp/../tmp/xxx", "w").path #=> "/tmp/../tmp/xxx"
/* * call-seq: * file.path -> filename * * Returns the pathname used to create <i>file</i> as a string. Does * not normalize the name. * * File.new("testfile").path #=> "testfile" * File.new("/tmp/../tmp/xxx", "w").path #=> "/tmp/../tmp/xxx" * */ static VALUE rb_file_path(obj) VALUE obj; { rb_io_t *fptr; fptr = RFILE(rb_io_taint_check(obj))->fptr; rb_io_check_initialized(fptr); if (!fptr->path) return Qnil; return rb_tainted_str_new2(fptr->path); }
Truncates file to at most integer bytes. The file must be opened for writing. Not available on all platforms.
f = File.new("out", "w") f.syswrite("1234567890") #=> 10 f.truncate(5) #=> 0 f.close() #=> nil File.size("out") #=> 5
/* * call-seq: * file.truncate(integer) => 0 * * Truncates <i>file</i> to at most <i>integer</i> bytes. The file * must be opened for writing. Not available on all platforms. * * f = File.new("out", "w") * f.syswrite("1234567890") #=> 10 * f.truncate(5) #=> 0 * f.close() #=> nil * File.size("out") #=> 5 */ static VALUE rb_file_truncate(obj, len) VALUE obj, len; { rb_io_t *fptr; FILE *f; off_t pos; rb_secure(2); pos = NUM2OFFT(len); GetOpenFile(obj, fptr); if (!(fptr->mode & FMODE_WRITABLE)) { rb_raise(rb_eIOError, "not opened for writing"); } f = GetWriteFile(fptr); fflush(f); fseeko(f, (off_t)0, SEEK_CUR); #ifdef HAVE_FTRUNCATE if (ftruncate(fileno(f), pos) < 0) rb_sys_fail(fptr->path); #else # ifdef HAVE_CHSIZE if (chsize(fileno(f), pos) < 0) rb_sys_fail(fptr->path); # else rb_notimplement(); # endif #endif return INT2FIX(0); }